3D Master supports (but not required) the following groundwater models:

• Processing Modflow Pro
• MODFLOW 88/96/2000 (public domain)
• MODPATH (public domain)
• MT3DMS (public domain)
• MT3D99 (proprietary software)
• PHT3D (public domain, in preparation)
• RT3D (public domain)
• PMPATH for Windows (public domain)
• MOC3D (public domain)
• PATH3D (proprietary software)

Main Features

• Create and save animations in standard *AVI format - great for presentation.
• Tremendous real-time Fly-By animation - great for presentation.
• Display sitemaps using AutoCAD .dxf files, ArcView/ArcInfo shape (.shp) files and/or bitmap (.bmp) image files.
• Display pumping wells, observation wells and/or borehole log (lithology) using colored tubes.
• Create 3D isosurfaces from user-specified 3D data by means of inverse distance weighting.
• Display ground surface from digital elevation models saved in the USGS SDTS DEM format.
• Create surfaces using user-specified xyz data.
• Display the model gridlines.
• Display boundary condition distributions using solid grid blocks.
• Display model parameter distributions using solid grid blocks.
• Display modeling results (heads, drawdowns and multi-species concentrations) using color-filled contour maps and 3D isosurfaces.
• Display particle tracking data using 3D pathlines from MODPATH, PMPATH and/or PATH3D.
• Create multiple slices in any direction through the model domain.
• Create 3D cutaway views to see 'inside' the model.
• Create semi-transparent views of all display objects.
• Create wire-frame views of all display objects.
• Display velocity vectors from the groundwater model.
• Animate time-varying modeling results (concentration, head, drawdown, velocity, etc.)
• Save the scene configurations for easy recall at a later time.
• Edit and enhance the screen image using caption and labels.
• Export the screen image to a graphics file (.bmp) or clipboard for cut-and-paste.
• Print the screen image to a color printer with print-preview.

Design Concept
3D Master is fully object-oriented. 3D data are represented by individual display objects and arbitrary numbers of objects can be added in any order to the display. 3D Master does not assume any size limitation of imported data, graphics files, groundwater models and their result files. Selected display visualization objects are briefly described below.

The Pathline Module module displays 3D-pathlines, which are calculated using PMPATH for Windows or MODPATH. Image to the right: A cube groundwater model consists of 21 x 21 x 21 cells. Injection and pumping wells are placed on opposite corners. The image shows pathlines and head-isosurfaces. The Geospatial Model Module displays the stratigraphy of groundwater models. Image to the right: A groundwater model consists of 62 x 56 x 6 cells. The image shows the stratigraphy of the model. The Potentiometric Surface Module displays groundwater surfaces using head values of a selected layer or of the highest active cells. These values are also used for creating a color map (contours) on the surface. Image to the right: A groundwater model consists of 40 x 40 x 14 cells. The image shows the water-table mount resulting from local recharge (only a quadrant of the aquifer is simulated and the recharge is applies to 4 cells located at a corner of the model). This model is adapted from the second test problem of the BCF2 package (USGS Open File Report 91-536). The Isosurface Module displays 3D isosurfaces using head or drawdown values calculated by MODFLOW or concentration values of any species calculated by MT3DMS, MT3D99, PHT3D, or RT3D. An isosurface is defined by a constant value in 3D space. Image to the right: To construct an isosurface, the visualization program first reads the data of all active cells and then locates nodes having a given constant value by using a tri-linear interpolation scheme. Through triangulation, those nodes are used to construct a finite-element-mesh representing the isosurface. The Concentration Cutting Plane Module cuts through the groundwater model and displays concentration distribution as a color map (contours) on the plane surface (slice). A concentration cutting plane uses concentration values of any species calculated by MT3DMS, MT3D99, PHT3D, or RT3D. Image to the right: A groundwater model consists of 40 x 21 x 12 cells. The image shows inorganic zinc contamination that is remediated by pulse-wise injection of a degradable organic substance. The concentration values are simulated by Processing Modflow Pro/PHT3D. Red = initial concentration, yellow = 'safe' concentration. The Hydraulic Components Module displays ground-water model cells that contain hydraulic components (e.g. constant-head boundary, pumping wells, rivers, drains, general-head boundary conditions, etc.). Image to the right: A groundwater model consists of 80 x 96 x 3 cells. The image shows the topography of the second model layer and the position of pumping wells (red) and constant-head boundaries (blue). The Parameter Module displays spatial distribution of input aquifer parameter values (i.e., K, T, S, Ss, etc) by coloring model cells according to their parameter values. Image to the right: A model consists of 80 x 96 x 3 cells (same as above). The image shows the spreading of glacier washout channels (red) that are assigned higher hydraulic conductivity values. The aquifer is rendered translucent (gray) for orientation. The Velocity Vectors Module displays velocity vectors for model cells within an area of interest by using the cell-by-cell flow terms calculated by MODFLOW. An inbuilt filter can be used to extract vectors with the velocity magnitude ranging between a given bound. values. Image to the right: Flow field between pumping and injection wells. The groundwater flow model consists of 31 x 31 x 15 cells. The injection well is screened from layer 4 to layer 7. The abstraction well is screened from layer 8 to layer 11. Only velocity vectors above a given magnitude are displayed. Pathlines are calculated by PMPATH. The XYZ Surface Module constructs surfaces using XYZ values of nodes saved in ASCII files. To construct an XYZ surface, an FE-mesh is created by applying Delaunay triangulation on the nodes. Image to the right: A model consists of 50 x 80 x 1 cells. The terrain surface has been constructed from an XYZ file and overlaid on the model surface. The SDTS DEM Surface Module imports ground surfaces from the USGS SDTS digital elevation models and is capable of projecting aerial photo or bitmap on the ground surface. Image to the right: The USGS SDTS DEM provides coverage for all of the contiguous United States, Hawaii, and limited portions of Alaska in a resolution of 10 or 30 meters. The XYZC Isosurface Module reads user-specified sample values and display isosurfaces. The sample values are interpolated to finite-element grid by means of inverse distance weighting method while considering horizontal/vertical anisotropy. Image to the right: The resulted grid values are used to generate isosurfaces. The Value Mapping Module displays the user-specified sample values (e.g. concentration values in groundwater or air) by colored spheres. Image to the right: The sizes and colors of the spheres are mapped to the magnitude of the sample values. The image shows the colored spheres with the boring tubes. The Boring Log Module displays the boring tubes, which are colored according to the lithology. The DXF Map Module displays sitemaps using DXF files. Image to the right: A model consists of 70 x 60 x 20 cells. A DXF map is overlaid on the model. The pumping wells and boundary conditions of the model are displayed. The Shape File Module displays shape files in different colors. Image to the right: Two shape files are overlaid on an aerial photo of the former Golden Eagle Site (petroleum storage tanks), which is under re-developing. The development plans (blue) and underground pipelines (yellow; under the translucent aerial photo) are shown.

Animation
3D Master is capable of displaying animation at time-varying model results or displaying Fly-By animation.

This animation displays isosurfaces created by using user-specified sample values. An aerial photo is mapped on the ground surface and the boreholes are displayed for orientation. This animation shows fluctuation of the groundwater table due to pumping (red) and injection (blue) wells. After all wells have been shut down, the groundwater table recovers. This animation shows the water-table mount resulting from local recharge (only a quadrant of the aquifer is simulated and the recharge is applies to 4 cells located at a corner of the model). Animation of a concentration plume. The source of the plume is located on the ground surface to the left of the model. Due to pumpage in the lower aquifer and recharge at the ground surface, the concentration plume flows through the confining layer (not displayed) and reaches the lower aquifer.

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